The only way to avoid any impact on ground-based visible-light and infrared telescopes would be to launch zero satellites, says Connie Walker, an astronomer at NOIRLab and co-chair of the team that wrote the report. It describes the results of a June workshop that brought together astronomers, satellite operators, dark-sky enthusiasts and others.
The report is the most technical assessment to date of the extent of the problem. Astronomers have been working since to determine how bad the problem will be and what they can do about it. Scientists realized the problem in June 2019, only after SpaceX launched its first set of Starlinks.
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SpaceX, OneWeb and Amazon have all been in talks with astronomers about how to mitigate the satellites’ brightness. Other operators include the London-based OneWeb, which has launched 74 of what it hopes will be a gigantic fleet of 48,000 satellites, and Amazon, which last month received US-government approval to launch 3,236 satellites for its planned project called Kuiper. SpaceX, an aerospace company in Hawthorne, California, has already launched more than 650 of a planned 12,000 Starlink satellites. Tens of thousands of satellites, which will provide broadband Internet to people around the globe, are expected to soar into space in the coming years. “There’s no place to hide in the middle of the night from such a satellite constellation,” says Tony Tyson, a physicist at the University of California, Davis. But high-flying satellites that catch the sunlight are a particular problem, according to the report. SpaceX launch highlights threat to astronomy from ‘megaconstellations’Īstronomers can take some steps to reduce the impact, such as scheduling observations to avoid times when satellites whiz by, or working with satellite operators to develop less-reflective versions. “Some phenomena will surely go undiscovered as a result of significant interference,” says a 25 August report from the American Astronomical Society and NOIRLab, an umbrella organization for several US observatories that is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). These streaks interfere with astronomical observations, including studies of fundamental physics and cosmology, planets beyond the Solar System and asteroids that threaten Earth. That’s the conclusion of the most detailed assessment yet of how these satellite networks, launched by companies including Amazon and SpaceX, might affect astronomical observations from Earth.įrom the perspective of a telescope gazing at the sky, satellites can reflect sunlight and appear as bright streaks. ‘Megaconstellations’ of satellites increasingly launching into orbit around Earth will contaminate the data astronomers collect - and profoundly shift humanity’s view of the night skies. Regaining the licence from Lego, 2016 San Diego Comic Con had IDW and Mega Bloks team up to create a special one shot comic featuring the Turtles Blok style.SpaceX launched 60 Starlink satellites (shown here in stacks, waiting to deploy) in May of last year. Starting again in 2015, Mega Bloks released more sets, and continued to release random figures until last year. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles is a line that Mega Bloks has had twice, first back in 2003, during which they released figures and sets up to 2012, before Lego got the licence until 2014. The second most common are Mega Bloks, which has had licences ranging from Masters of the Universe to Halo, and even released a Hellboy figure. Many fictional characters have been released and crafted into construction toys, with Lego being the most familiar line. Building with Turtles, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Mega Bloks What makes obscure comics so interesting and vital is discovering those books that most don't know were ever printed, or that top tier creators worked on "that book" or on "that character." Obscure comic books are fun to find, interesting to know about, but that border between being great reads and terrible comics.
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There are comic book series almost every comic fan knows, there are comic book characters that most everyone knows, there are specific comic books most every comic reader knows, and then there are the more obscure issues that slip through the cracks.
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